Saturday, November 27, 2010

Hinilawod: Visayan Epic


H I N I L A W O D
Visayan Epic


Adventures of Datu Paubari and his Sons

When the goddess of the eastern sky Alunsina (also known as Laun Sina, "The Unmarried One") reached maidenhood, the king of the gods, Kaptan, decreed that she should marry. All the unmarried gods of the different domains of the universe tried their luck to win her hand to no avail. She chose to marry a mortal, Datu Paubari, the mighty ruler of Halawod.

Her decision angered her other suitors. They plotted to bring harm to the newlyweds. A meeting of the council of gods was called by Maklium-sa-t'wan, god of the plains, where a decision by those present was made to destroy Halawod by flood.

Alunsina and Paubari escaped harm through the assistance of Suklang Malayon, the goddess and guardian of happy homes and sister of Alunsina, who learned of the evil plot and warned the two so they were able to seek refuge on higher ground.

After the flood waters subsided, Paubari and Alunsina returned to the plains secretly. They settled near the mouth of the Halawod river.

Several months later Alunsina became pregnant and told Paubari to prepare the siklot, things necessary for childbirth. She delivered a set of triplets and summoned the high priest Bungot-Banwa to perform the rites of the gods of Mount Madya-as (the mountain abode of the gods)to ensure the good health of the children. The high priest promptly made an altar and burned some alanghiran fronds and a pinch of kamangyan. When the ceremony was over he opened the windows of the north side of the room and a cold northernly wind came in and suddenly the three infants were transformed into strong, handsome young men.

Labaw Donggon, the eldest of the three, asked his mother to prepare his magic cape, hat, belt and kampilan (sword) for he heard of a place called Handug where a beautiful maiden named Angoy Ginbitinan lived.

The journey took several days. He walked across plains and valleys, climbed up mountains until he reached the mouth of the Halawod river. When he finally met the maiden's father and asked for her hand in marriage, the father asked him to fight the monster Manalintad as part of his dowry. He went off to confront the monster and with the help of his magic belt Labaw Donggon killed the monster and to prove his feat he brought to Angoy Ginbitinan's father the monster's tail.

After the wedding Labaw Donggon proceeded home with his new bride. Along the way they met a group of young men who told him that they were on their way to Tarambang Burok to win the hand of Abyang Durunuun, sister of Sumpoy the lord of the underworld and whose beauty was legendary.

Labaw Donggon and his bride continued on their journey home. The moment they arrived home Labaw Donggon told his mother to take care of his wife because he is taking another quest, this time he was going to Tarambang Burok.

Before he can get to the place he has to pass a ridge guarded by a giant named Sikay Padalogdog who has a hundred arms. The giant would not allow Labaw Donggon to go through without a fight. However, Sikay Padalogdog was no match to Labaw Donggon's prowess and skill in fighting so he gave up and allowed him to continue.

Labaw Donggon won the hand of Abyang Durunuun and also took her home. Before long he went on another journey, this time it is to Gadlum to ask for the hand of Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata who is the young bride of Saragnayan the lord of darkness.

This trip required him to use his biday nga inagta (black boat) on which he sailed across the seas for many months, went across the region of the clouds, passed the land of stones until finally he reached the shores of Tulogmatian which was the seaside fortress of Saragnayan. The moment he set foot on the ground Saragnayan asked him, "Who are you and why are you here?" To which he answered, "I am Labaw Donggon, son of Datu Paubari and goddess Alunsina of Halawod. I came for the beautiful Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata."

Saragnayan laughed. He told Labaw Donggon that what he wished for was impossible to grant because she was his wife. Labaw Donggon then challenged Saragnayan to a duel saying that whoever wins will have her.

The challenge was accepted and they started fighting. Labaw Donggon submerged Saragnayan under water for seven years, but when he let go of him, Saragnayan was still alive. The latter uprooted a coconut tree and started beating Labaw Donggon with it. He survived the beating but was not able to surpass the powers of Saragnayan's pamlang (amulet) and eventually he gave up and was imprisoned by Saragnayan beneath his house.

Back home Angoy Ginbitinan and Abyang Durunuun both delivered sons. Angoy Ginbitinan's child was named Aso Mangga and Abyang Durunuun's son was called Abyang Baranugon.

Only a few days after they were born Aso Mangga and Abyang Baranugon embarked to look for their father. They rode their sailboats through the region of eternal darkness, passed the region of the clouds and the land of stones, finally reaching Saragnayan's home. Saragnayan noticed that Abyang Baranugon's umbilical cord have not yet been removed, he laughed and told the child to go home to his mother.

Abyang Baranugon was slighted by the remarks and immediately challenged Saragnayan to a duel. They fought and Abyang Baranugon defeated Saragnayan and won his father's freedom.

Labaw Donggon's defeat and subsequent imprisonment by the Lord of Darkness also angered his brothers. Humadapnon was so enraged that he swore to the gods of Madya-as that he would wreak revenge on all of Saragnayan's kinsmen and followers.

Humadapnon prepared to go to Saragnayan's domain. He employed the aid of Buyong Matanayon of Mount Matiula who was well-known for his skill in swordsmanship. For their journey they rode on a sailboat called biday nga rumba-rumba. They travelled through the region of the clouds, passed by the region of eternal darkness and ended up at a place called Tarambang Buriraw. In this place was a ridge called Talagas Kuting-tang where a seductive sorceress named Piganun lived.

Piganun changed herself to a beautiful maiden and captured the heart of Humadapnon. Buyong Matanayon begged with Humadapnon to leave the place with him but the latter refused. After seven months passed, Buyong Matanayon remembered that they have brought with them some ginger. One evening at dinner time Buyong Matanayon threw seven slices of ginger into the fire. When Pinganun smelled the odor of burning ginger she left the dinner table because sorcerers hated the odor of ginger. Immediately Buyong Matanayon struck Humadapnon, who became unconscious. He dragged his friend with him and they were able to escape.

They continued with their trek and everywhere they went they exacted revenge on all of Saragnayan's people and relatives. One day they reached a place called Piniling Tubig who was ruled by Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw. There was a big gathering in the village and when they asked what was going on they were told that the datu was giving his daughter for marriage to whoever could remove the huge boulder that rolled from a mountain into the center of the village. Many men tried their luck but no one so far was able to even move the stone.

Humadapnon took off his magic cape and used it to lift the stone and threw it back into the mountain. The datu kept his word and Humadapnon married his daughter. During the wedding feast Humadapnon heared about the beauty of the goddess of greed Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan from a guest minstrel who sang at the celebration.

After the wedding Humadapnon went to seek the hand of the goddess in marriage. Along the way he encountered Buyong Makabagting, son of the mighty Datu Balahidyong of Paling Bukid who was also travelling with the same purpose in mind. Upon learning of Humadapnon's intent, Buyong Makabagting challenged him to a duel. They fought and Buyong Makabagting was no match to Humadapnon's strength and skill. The fight ended when Buyong Makabagting surrendered and even promised to aid Humadapnon in his quest. Humadapnon married the goddess and brought her home.

Meanwhile, right after Humadapnon left to seek Saragnayan's followers and relatives his brother Dumalapdap left for Burutlakan-ka-adlaw where the maiden Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokon lived. For the trip he brought along Dumasig, the most powerful wrestler in Madya-as.

Several months later they came to a place called Tarambuan-ka-banwa where they encountered the two-headed monster Balanakon who guarded a narrow ridge leading to the place where the maiden lived.

With the aid of Dumasig, Dumalapdap killed Balanakon. However, upon approaching the gate of the palace where the maiden lived he was confronted by Uyutang, a batlike monster with sharp poisonous claws. There ensued a bloody battle between the Humadapnon and the monster. They fought for seven months and their skill and prowess seemed to be equal. But on the seventh month, Humadapnon was able to grab on to Uyutang's ankle and broke it. Then he took his iwang daniwan (magic dagger) and stabbed Uyutang under the armpit. Uyutang cried out so loud that the ridge where they were fighting broke into two and there was an earthquake. Half of the ridge became the island of Buglas (Negros) and the other became the island of Panay.

Dumalapdap married Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan and then took her home. Datu Paubari was very happy when he was reunited with his three sons and he prepared a feast in their honor. After the celebration, the three brothers left for different parts of the world. Labaw Donggon went to the north, Humadapnon went south, Dumalapdap to the west and Datu Paubari remained in the east.

 The Adventures of Humadapnon

A message from his spirit friends, Taghoy and Duwindi, came to Humadapnon in his sleep. In his dream he was told that a lovely maiden named Nagmalitong Yawa lived in a village by the mouth of the Halawod river. Humadpnon was the chief of the Sulod Nation whose people occupied an area close to the source of the Pan-ay river.

Humadapnon went to look for the maiden. He rode his golden boat for the journey. One day his boat was taken by a mysterious force that led it to a stagnant sea where the water was the color of human blood. It took Humadapnon and his crew seven months to cross this body of water.

They all thought they were safe until a strong wind came upon them and the boat was blown into a passage near the mouth of the Saruma river where two islands continuously hit each other at intervals. With the help of his spirit friends Humadapnon was able to navigate his boat through the channel safely.

One day they came upon an island called Tarangban which was inhabited by beautiful women headed by a sorceress named Ginmayunan. Through the use of her charms and magic she persuaded Humadapnon to stay. Later Humadapnon and his crew were imprisoned by the women in the island for seven years.

Taghoy and Duwindi went to seek the help of Nagmalitong Yawa to free their friend. Nagmalitong Yawa, disguised as a man named Buyung Sunmasakay, won the freedom of Humadapnon and his crew. Afterwards Buyung Sunmasakay performed a ritual which removed the charms of Ginmayunan on Humadapnon. When Buyung Sunmasakay transformed back into Nagmalitong Yawa, Humadapnon was struck by her beauty and immediately asked for her hand in marriage.

The maiden, who also was in love with him, told Humadapnon that she has to go back home to ask the blessings of her parents before she gets married. So they proceeded to Halawod. Along the way Humadapnon encountered Buyung Paglambuhan who ruled an island fortress in the middle of the sea. He vanquished the latter. Humadapnon and Nagmalitong Yawa were married in Halawod.

During the wedding feast, Dumalapdap met Huyung Adlaw, the daughter of one of the guests, Nabalansang Sukla who was the god of the Upperworld. Dumalapdap requested his brother Humadapnon to help him talk to the maiden's parents. They planned to go to the Upperworld after the wedding feast.

The journey took seven years. Matan-ayon, Humadapnon's mother suggested to Malitong Yawa that she should marry again for it seems that her husband is not coming back. Nagmalitong Yawa decided to re-marry this time to a man named Buyung Sumagulung, son of Mamang Paglambuhan who ruled an island fortress. The wedding ceremony was about to start when Humadapnon and Dumalapdap returned. At a distance Humadapnon blew his horn to signal his arrival. Those who were gathered for the ceremony grew fearful and some of the men went to the shoreline to meet the brothers and inform them of what was happening. The two were so angered that they killed all guests and the groom.

Humadapnon confronted his wife about her treachery. She explained that it was his mother who made the suggestion for her to re-marry. Humadapnon stabbed his wife to death. Later his conscience bothered him for what he did to his wife. His spirit friends also told him that his wife was not at fault and that what he did was unjust.

With remorse in his heart he approached his sister Labing Anyag and asked for her help for she had the power to bring back life to the dead. Seeing that her brother was geniunely sorry for what he did, she complied and brought back Nagmalitong Yawa from the dead.

Nagmalitong Yawa also felt shame for what she did to her husband so she ran away from him and went to the Underworld which was ruled by her uncle, Panlinugun, who is lord of the earthquake. Humadapnon followed her to the Underworld killing the eight-headed snake that guarded the channel leading to the place. She ran towards the Upperworld but half-way between the Middleworld and the Upperworld she was spirited away by a young man riding on the shoulders of the wind.

Humadapnon caught up with them and challenged the stranger to a duel. They fought for seven years with no one gaining the upperhand. The long fight was being witnessed by Alunsina from above. She got tired watching the contest so she came down to settle the case.

During the deliberations it was revealed to everyone's surprise that the stanger was Amarotha, also a son of Alunsina who died at childbirth but was brought back to life by her to keep her company. Alunsina decided that each man was entitled to a part of Nagmalitong Yawa so she ordered that the latter's body be cut in half. One half went to Humadapnon and the other to Amarotha. Alunsina then turned each half into a whole live person.

Humadapnon brought his wife back to Panay and ruled the island for centuries.

Agyu: Manobo Epic

Agyu
Manobo Epic


The main source of livelihood of the Ilianon was collecting wax. They exchanged the wax to the Moros with their basic needs such as rice, salt and sugar. Agyu had a long rift with a Moro datu over a debt of one hundred mound of wax. To avoid bloody confrontation, Agyu and his household left Ayuman and went to Ilian. But the Moros would not let them live in peace until their debt were settled. They followed him to kill him and his family. Agyu and his household fought bravely and emerged victorious over the Moros. After their victory, Agyu decided to leave Ilian and set for Mount Pinamatun. They clean and toil the land and built their houses at the floor of the mountain.

One day, Agyu went to the forested mountain of Sandawa to hunt for wild boar. He went home with a prize catch while his brother Lono and sisters Yambungan and Ikwangan found a beehive full of sweet honey. They divided the wild boar and honey among themselves and their servants.

Why don’t you take some fresh meat and sweet honey to your wife in Ayuman, Banlak? Agyu asked his brother. Banlak’s wife Mungan was left behind at Ayuman because she had leprosy.
Banlak did not approve of the idea. Lono volunteered to go to Ayuman with the meat and honey for Mungan. There he heard a loud and thundering voice asking Mungan to accept immortality by eating a food for the gods.

When Lono returned to Pinamatun, he told Agyu and Banlak what he heard from the loud and thundering voice. Banlak wanted to see Mungan but Agyu halted him. Instead, Agyu trekked down to Ayuman to see Mungan but he was too late. Mungan had been ascended to the heavens. What was left was a golden house. When he returned to Pinamatun, they again abandoned the place for Tigyangdang. But they would not find peace in Tigyangdang. There were many enemies who wanted to drive them away from Tigyangdang. And no matter how hard they fought, they could not subdue the enemies.

On the fourth day of fighting, his brave and intelligent young son, Tanangyaw, approached him.

Allow me to fight the enemies, father, he asked him.

But you are too young, son, he said to him.

I maybe young but I am wise, father. Tanagyaw insisted.

Go ahead and may the gods help you.  Take care of yourself!

Tanagyaw then left for the battlefield.  And he won over the enemies.

The frustrated chieftain of the enemies wanted Tanagyaw for his daughter Buy-anon but Tanagyaw refused to marry her because he was too young.

Tanagyaw reached the town of Baklayaon and saved the small town from the enemies.  He killed Bagali, the son of the chieftain of the enemies of Baklayaon.  The datu of Baklayon wanted Tanagyaw too to marry his daughter Paniguan but Tanagyaw was not yet ready to marry.

When Tanagyaw returned to Tigyangdang, Paniguan went with him.  She told Agyu that she wanted to marry Tanagyaw,  Agyu agreed and Tanagyaw and Paniguan were married.
Meanwhile, the attack on Agyu’s household did not stop.  From time to time, a band of enemies would attack the settlement and killed Agyu’s people and animals and burn their crops.  But Agyu was too old to put up a fight.  To counter the enemies, Tanagyaw wore a shield of hard metal that even a strong wind could not move.  Then, he fought the enemies fiercely and came up victorious everytime.  But the enemies were not yet ready to give up.  The son of the datu confronted Tanagyaw with his spear of golden metal.  Tanagyaw used his gold stick and was able to kill the son of the datu.  The datu and his men fled to the mountain in fear.
Agyu heaved a sigh of relief.  He knew peace would now reign in their land.  His people would now enjoy the good life that was very elusive from the start.  The harvest was good and their animals had increased in number.  One day, he called his son Tanagyaw.
I’m giving you the town of Sunglawon.  Protect it and rule it with justice and compassion for your own people.
I’ll do it with the help of our gods, father, answered Tanagyaw.
The following morning, Tanagyaw and Paniguan together with their servants set out for Sunglawon.  They were now ready to start a family.

Ibalong: Epic of Bicol


Ibalong

Epic of Bicol



A long, long time ago, there was a rich land called Ibalong. The hero Baltog, who came from Botavora of the brave clan of Lipod, came to this land when many monsters were still roaming in its very dark forests. He decideed to stay and was the first to cultivate its field and to plant them with gabi.

Then one night, a monstrous, wild boar known as Tandayag saw these field and destroyed the crops. Upon knowing this, Baltog decided to look for this boar with all his courage and patience. At last, as soon as he saw it, he fearlessly wrestled with it, with all his might. Baltog was unafraied. He was strong and brave. Though the Tandayag had very long fangs, he was able to pin down the monstrous, wild boar and break apart its very big jawbones. With this, Tandayag fell and died.

After this fight, Baltog went to his house in Tondol, carrying the Tandayag’s broken jawbones. Then, he hung it on a talisay tree in front of his house. Upon learning of the victory of their Chief Baltog, the people prepared a feast and celebrated. The very big jawbones of the dead boar became an attraction for everyone. Thus, came the tribes of Panikwason and Asog to marvel at it.

The second hero who came to the land of Ibalong was Handyong. Together with his men, he had to fight thousands of battles, and face many dangers to defeat the monsters. As warriors, they first fought the one-eyed monster with three necks in the land of Ponong. For ten months, they fought without rest. And they never stopped fighting until all these monsters were killed.

Handyong and his men made their next attack against the giant flying sharks called Triburon which had hardy flesh and sawlike teeth that could crush rocks. They continued fighting until the defeat of the last Triburon.





They tamed the wild carabaos. They even drove away the giant and very fierce Sarimao which had very sharp fingernails. And using their spears and arrows, they killed all the crocodiles which were as big as boats. With all these killings, the rivers and swamps of Ibalong turned red with blood. It was at this time that the savage monkeys became frightened and hid themselves.

Among the enemies of Handyong and his men, the serpent Oryol was the hardest to kill. Having a beautiful voice, Oryol could change its image to deceive its enemies. To capture it, Handyong tried different ways. But Oryol escaped every one of it and disappeared.

So, alone and unafraid, Handyong decided to look for Oryol in the heart of the forest. He followed the beautiful voice and was almost enchanted by it in his pursiut. Days and nights passed until Oryol came to admire Handyong’s bravery and gallantry. Then, the serpent helped the hero to conquer the monsters, thus restoring peace to the entire Ibalong.

In one of the areas of Ibalong called Ligmanan, Handyong built a town. Under his leadership and his laws, slaves and masters were treated equally. The people planted rice and because of their high regard of him, they named this rice after him. He built the first boat to ride the waves of Ibalong’s seas. Through his good example, his people became inspired and came up with their own inventions. There was Kimantong who made the plow, harrow, and other farming tools; Hablom who invented the first loom for weaving abaca clothes; Dinahong, an Agta, who created the stove, cooking pot, earthen jar, and other kitchen utensils; and Sural who brilliantly thought of the syllabary and started to write on a marble rock. This was a golden period in Ibalong.

Then suddenly, there came a big flood caused by Unos, with terrifying earthquakes. The volcanoes of Hantik, Kulasi and Isarog erupted. Rivers changed their direction and the sea waves rolled high. Destruction was everywhere. Soon, the earth parted, mountains sank, a lake was formed, and many towns in Ibalong were ruined.

Then, appeared the giant Rabot, half-man and half-beast, with awesome and terrifying powers.
People were asking who will fight against Rabot. So, Bantong, the third hero was called. He was a good friend of Handyong. He was ordered to kill the new monster in Ibalong. To do this, he took with him a thousand warriors to attack Rabot’s den. But using his wisdom against Rabot, he did not attack the giant right away. He first observed Rabot’s ways. Looking around the giant’s den, he discovered that there were many rocks surrounding it, and these were the people who were turned into rocks by Rabot.

Bantong also learned that Rabot loved to sleep during the day and stayed awake at night. So, he waited. When Rabot was already sleeping very soundly, Bantong came hear him. He cut the giant into two with his very sharp bolo and without any struggle, Rabot died, So, Ibalong was at peace once more.

Friday, November 19, 2010

THE TWO THIEVES



Matthew 27:38 There were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left. (Luke 23:39-43)

Do you remember the Christmas story? The story about the night when Jesus was born? Well, just shortly before that there were two other little children born. The Bible doesn't give them a name, so we'll just call them Mr. Left and Mr. Right. We don't know exactly when they were born, but we'll say they were probably born one or two years before Jesus was born.

These two boys began life as regular boys. As they grew, they picked up some bad habits just like all boys and girls do.

We need to watch out for bad habits. You can break any habit when it is new, but if you don't try to break a bad habit, and it is no longer a new habit, it will become very hard to break.

There was one bad habit that each of these young men picked up that finally ended up killing both of them. That bad habit was stealing.

You should remember something about stealing. When you steal, you don't just take an item from someone, you take away part of their life. Let me explain. Each person has a given amount of time to live. We call that amount of time "life." Most of us spend our time in life working to earn money, to make a living. We use that money to buy things to make our life on Earth pleasant. If someone steals something which we have purchased with the money we have spent our life earning, they are stealing part of our life.

Even if you find something that belongs to someone else, you should try to return it. If you don't try to return it, you are still stealing. And, remember this: Even when you find something, it still belongs to the person who lost it. It will never really belong to you.

Now, back to our story.

As these boys grew older they continued to practice their bad habit of stealing. As they grew, Mr. Left didn't feel bad about the things he took such as bicycles, toys, coats, shoes, especially money from his mother's purse.

Although Mr. Right had the habit of stealing, he didn't always feel good about that habit. In fact, many, many times he tried to stop that bad habit, but just couldn't make himself break it. He always felt bad afterwards, but wouldn't take anything back because he didn't want to get caught. He wished and wished he could figure out some way to stop this bad habit.

As these boys grew older and became men, they would take more and more expensive things. They were both sent to jail, and prison many times.


They met each other in prison. Mr. Left would talk and brag about how he stole things from poor people, and rich people. By the way, it doesn't matter who you steal from, it is still just as much a sin either way.

One day while both men were in prison they heard about a man named Jesus who was going around claiming to be God. He must have been God because he could heal people of what ever problem they had. Even their sin. When Mr. Right heard about that, he knew he had to find this man named Jesus and get saved from his sin, and his bad habit. He asked everyone were Jesus was, but no one knew.

Finally Mr. Right, and Mr. Left were released from prison. Mr. Right told Mr. Left he was going to begin looking for Jesus in order to be saved from his bad habit. Mr. Left decided to stick around with Mr. Right because he was very skeptical and intended to make a mockery of this Jesus that Mr. Right was talking about.

One day, they learned that Jesus was going to be in Jerusalem. They had a long way to travel to get there, but Mr. Right didn't want to miss the chance to meet Jesus and see if he could heal his worst sin. Mr. Right traveled as fast as he could, and Mr. Left followed along very doubtfully. Neither stopped to rest nor eat. They just kept heading for Jerusalem.

When they arrived in Jerusalem they were very hungry and very tired. They knew Jesus was there because of the excitement of the crowd. They decided to rest, and founded an alley in which to sleep for couple of hours. When they woke up they were very hungry and thirsty. They went into the marketplace where bread was being sold. Mr. Right and Mr. Left were such good thieves it didn't take long before they had enough bread to fill their stomachs.

What they didn't realize was that someone had been watching, and they were arrested on the spot. But this was the last straw. Because of their bad record and their history of crime they were both sentenced to death on the cross.

At the same time this was taking place Jesus was being sentenced to death on the cross.

As it turned out, Mr. Right was placed on a cross on the right hand side of Jesus. This was not how he had wanted to meet Jesus. He wanted to find Jesus and get help. He didn't want Jesus to find him being punished for his sin.

Also, Mr. Left was hanging on the left side of Jesus. He was so mad because he had intended to mock Jesus, but now he was being punished in the same manner as Jesus. He mocked Jesus while he hung on the cross. He told Jesus, "If you are God why don't you just come down from that cross."

The Bible says Mr Right said these words to Mr Left. "Dost not thou fear God, seing thou art in the same condemnation? and we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss. And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom. And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, today shalt thou be with me in paradise."

Mr. Right is like the rest of us. He didn't expect to have to meet Jesus in that condition. But Jesus didn't care, he still forgave him. Many times we feel so ashamed when we realize that Jesus is watching as we commit our sins. But what Mr. Right didn't realize, and what we often forget is that Jesus is watching us all the time.

After a short time all three men on the crosses died. Today the man on the left is still burning in hell. Today the man on the right is still with Jesus in Heaven.

If you have stolen, lied, swore or anything that is bad, you are exactly like the two men. You are condemned to hell. Will you be like the man on the left and someday join him burning in hell? Or, are you going to be more like the man on the right? Are you ashamed of your sin? Are you sorry for your sin? Would you like Jesus to help? Jesus is still able to help you.

Yes, Jesus did die on the cross, but he rose again and is alive and watches you and me every moment. He knows about your sin and he wants to forgive you for that sin. He is just waiting for you to ask.

Monday, November 8, 2010

Business Letter

BUSINESS LETTER

A commercial business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter will depend on the relationship between the parties concerned.

TYPES OF LETTER

Letter of Inquiry
A letter of inquiry is a general term used for a number of different kinds of business letters addressed to a company.

General Format
There are two main styles of business letters:[1]
Full block style: Align all elements on the left margin.
Modified block style: Down the middle of the page, align the return address, date, closing, signature, and typed name; align other elements on the left page margin.

Elements
Business letters (in the United States) usually contain the following elements, in order:
Sender's address & contact information
Date of writing
Recipient's name, title, company, & address
Salutation/greeting
Subject
Message (body of the letter)
Valediction/closing
Sender's signature
Sender's name, title, company
In some situations, a business letter may also include the following optional information:
Enclosures (Encl.: or Enc.:)
Carbon Copy Recipients (cc:)
Reference Initials (of the typist, if different from original author of letter)

Line Spacing
In general, each element or paragraph of the letter is followed by a single blank line, except:
the date, followed by three or four blank lines;
the final content paragraph, followed by two blank lines;
the valediction/closing, followed by three or four blank lines (enough for the sender to sign the letter); and
the sender's title, followed by two blank lines.

Font Formatting
No special character or font formatting is used, except for the subject line, which is usually underlined

Punctuation
The salutation/greeting is generally followed by a comma, although in the United States a colon is often preferred. The valediction/closing is followed by a comma.

Example Template
[SENDER'S NAME]
[SENDER'S ADDRESS]
[SENDER'S PHONE]
[SENDER'S E-MAIL]

[DATE]


[RECIPIENT W/O PREFIX]
[RECIPIENT'S TITLE]
[RECIPIENT'S COMPANY]
[RECIPIENT'S ADDRESS]

(Optional) Attention [DEPARTMENT/PERSON],

Re: [SUBJECT]

Dear [RECIPIENT W/ PREFIX]:

[CONTENT.]

[CONTENT.]


[VALEDICTION (Sincerely, Respectfully, Regards, etc.)],




[SENDER]
[SENDER'S TITLE]


Enclosures ([NUMBER OF ENCLOSURES])

cc: [CC RECIPIENT], [CC RECIPIENT TITLE]
[CC RECIPIENT], [CC RECIPIENT TITLE]

Indentation Formats

Business letters generally conform to one of four indentation formats: Block, Semi-Block, Modified Block, and Modified Semi-Block. Put simply, "Semi-" means that the first lines of paragraphs are indented; "Modified" means that the sender's address, date, and closing are significantly indented.

Block
In a Block format letter, (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, (2) paragraphs are not indented. 3) parts and paragraphs are separated by double or triple spacing.

Semi-Block
In a Semi-Block format letter, (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, (2) paragraphs are indented.

Modified Block
In a Modified Block format letter, (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, except for the author's address, date, and closing; and (2) paragraphs are not indented. The author's address, date, and closing are usually indented three inches from the left margin, but can be set anywhere to the right of the middle of the page, as long as all three elements are indented to the same position.

Modified Semi-Block
In a Modified Semi-Block format letter, (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, except for the author's address, date, and closing; and (2) paragraphs are indented. The author's address, date, and closing are usually indented three inches from the left margin, but can be set anywhere to the right of the middle of the page, as long as all three elements are indented to the same position.





SAMPLES
(cover letter)

Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email

Date

Name
Title
Organization
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name:

I am interested in the assistant position advertised in XXX. I am currently employed as Legislative Director for Assemblywoman XXXX, Chairperson of the NYS Assembly XXX. I accepted this position because of the emphasis on the writing and research skills which are applicable to your requirements for an author’s assistant. My experience in the NYS Assembly has afforded me the opportunity to become familiar with the consolidated and unconsolidated laws of the State of New York. I also have extensive experience in legal and policy research.

In my position as Legislative Director for Ms. XXX, I prepare her personal legislation which deals with issues relative to her position as Senior Member of the NYS Assembly Standing Committee on XXXX. In as much as she is Chairperson of the XXX Committee I am, of course, heavily involved in the current welfare and medicaid reform movement.

In response to your search for a part-time assistant, I believe my experience in the Legislature, and my research and writing skills qualify me for consideration. If you would like, I can provide with current samples with my work.

To further acquaint you with the specifics of my background I am enclosing my resume. I hope you will consider me for this position. I look forward to meeting with you and discussing my qualifications in more detail.

Sincerely,

Your Signature

Your Typed Name

=======

FORMAT

Cover Letter Format

Your Contact Information
Name
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Phone Number
Email Address

Date

Employer Contact Information (if you have it)
Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, (leave out if you don't have a contact)

Body of Cover Letter
The body of your cover letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow-up.

First Paragraph
The first paragraph of your letter should include information on why you are writing. Mention the position you are applying for and where you found the job listing. Include the name of a mutual contact, if you have one.

Middle Paragraph(s)
The next section of your cover letter should describe what you have to offer the employer. Mention specifically how your qualifications match the job you are applying for. Remember, you are interpreting your resume, not repeating it.

Final Paragraph
Conclude your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position. Include information on how you will follow-up.

Complimentary Close

Respectfully yours,

Signature

Handwritten Signature (for a mailed letter)

Typed Signature

Business Letter Formats
Modified Block Format: Business Letter
Return Address Line 1 1
Return Address Line 2

Date (Month Day, Year) 2


Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr. Full name of recipient. 3
Title/Position of Recipient.
Company Name
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Dear Ms./Mrs./Mr. Last Name: 4
Subject: Title of Subject 5
Body Paragraph 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Body Paragraph 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Body Paragraph 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 
Closing (Sincerely...), 7
Signature 8
Your Name (Printed) 9
Your Title


Enclosures (2) 10
Typist Initials. 11


In the modified block format, your address, date (the date can actually go on either the left or the right side), the closing, signature, and printed name are all indented to the right half of the page (how far you indent in is up to you as long as the heading and closing is lined up, use your own discretion and make sure it looks presentable). 
Semi-Block (Indented) Format: Business Letter
Return Address Line 1 1
Return Address Line 2

Date (Month Day, Year) 2


Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr. Full name of recipient. 3
Title/Position of Recipient.
Company Name
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Dear Ms./Mrs./Mr. Last Name: 4
Subject: Title of Subject 5
http://www.letterwritingguide.com/images/space.gifBody Paragraph 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
http://www.letterwritingguide.com/images/space.gifBody Paragraph 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
http://www.letterwritingguide.com/images/space.gifBody Paragraph 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 
Closing (Sincerely...), 7
Signature 8
Your Name (Printed) 9
Your Title


Enclosures (2) 10
Typist Initials. 11

In the semi-block format, your address, date (the date can actually go on either the left or the right side), the closing, signature, and printed name are all indented to the right half of the page (how far you indent in is up to you as long as the heading and closing is lined up, use your own discretion and make sure it looks presentable). Also the first line of each paragraph is indented. The indentations of the first line of each paragraph is the only difference between the semi-block and the modified block formats.

ENCLOSURES

Enclosures are the documents that you send to a recipient along with your cover letter. Oftentimes, the additional pages can get lost in transit, especially if you are faxing the information to someone. It is important to notify the recipient, on the cover sheet, that there are additional pages that make this communication complete. If any pages are missing, she can then contact you to request them before making a decision regarding your inquiry. It is very simple to reference enclosures on a cover letter.
Difficulty: Easy

Instructions

1
Finish writing your letter. After closing with, for example, "Best regards" or "Sincerely yours" and then your name, press "Enter" two times (placing the cursor two lines below your name).
2
Type "Enclosure" or "Enclosures." Type the number of additional pages that are enclosed, other than the cover letter, in parentheses. For instance, if you have five invoices that you want the person to look at in addition to your letter, type in "Enclosures (5)" (without the quotation marks).
3
List the name or title of each enclosure if you have many (more than five) that are very important. This is optional and should only be done if you feel it is a dire need or will add significant value to the letter. For instance, if the cover letter is a communication regarding research that you have just completed and the enclosures are article references, you might want to list the title of each enclosure.

Add the titles below "Enclosures:" in sentence case (only the first letter of the title should be capitalized) as a numbered list. See "Don't Let Enclosures Escape Your Business Letter" under "Resources" below for an example. Be sure to add a colon after "Enclosures" in this case.
http://www.ego4u.com/images/writing/cover-letter-09.png
 













LETTER OF INTENT

Letter of Intent for Graduate School

Jennifer Conrad
232 - Street Verite
Crowley County, California - 343453

23rd November 2010

William Goldman
Head, Admissions
UCLA
10, Westwood, Los Angeles, California - 343453

Reference: Application to Graduate program in Journalism

Dear Mr. Goldman

This letter is with reference to the application number # 342109 for the Graduate program in Journalism at UCLA.

I, the undersigned, am an applicant to your graduate program in journalism. I am presently a student of Communication studies at the Community College at Crowley County. I have been an excellent student throughout my academic career and have always had a keen interest in the news media. In high school, I was the sub-editor of the school newspaper and was also the head of the debating club. I am sure that if given a chance to study at your college, I would be able to accomplish every goal that I have set for myself.

I heard about the graduate program in journalism at UCLA from a alumni of UCLA. After having been introduced to the course, I have read up about the course in detail and have been impressed by the various facilities that you provide your students with. I think it would be a great exposure for me if given a chance to study at UCLA.

Looking forward to receiving a call from you for the interview.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely,
Signature
Jennifer Conrad

BUSINESS LETTER PARTS

The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.

Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
(12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.

The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.

The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.

The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).

The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: or Re: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."

The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)

Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.

Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.

PROPOSAL

April 3, 2009

Amazing Computers Enterprised
768 Capitol Drive, San Jose
Balanga city

Dear Mr. Roger de Guzman:

Greetings…
In reverence to your valuable time I would like to get straight to the point and express our deep apology for what happened last time.

The purchase order that we received from you last (date) clearly stated (number) cases and it is our error regarding the shipment of the product.
However, please be informed that to make up with the said mistake, there are two options available at this time. The first one is that, you can opt to keep the merchandise and we will just bill you thirty days from now. The second one is that, we will do our best to have it picked up at your loading dock and then issue a credit to you.

I will greatly appreciate it if you will let me know your preference between the two. We will ensure that this type of error will occur again.
Please let me know if you need assistance regarding this one. Feel free to call me and I will be glad to help you.
Thank you for your kind consideration.

Yours truly,
Eireen Tinao
232 Tenement St., Abulog
Samal, Bataan

Business Letter Template

Contact Information
Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email Address

Date

Contact Information

Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Salutation

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name:

Body of Business Letter

Keep your letter simple and focused, so the purpose of your letter is clear.

The first paragraph of your business letter should provide an introduction to why you are writing.

Then, in the following paragraphs provide more information and details about your request.

The final paragraph should reiterate the reason you are writing and thank the reader for reviewing your request.

Single space your letter and justify your letter to the left.

Leave a blank line between each paragraph.

Complimentary Close:

Respectfully yours,

Signature:

Handwritten Signature (for a mailed letter)

Typed Signature

TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTERS

- Letter of Inquiry
- Letter of Reply
- Letter of Order
- Letter of Acknowledgment
- Letter of Giving Instruction
- Letter of Claim
- Letter of Adjustment
- Letter of Sales
- Letter of Application
- Letter of Advertisement

1.   LETTER OF REQUEST
The following suggestions will help you write an effective sample of a letter of request:

Keep it simple. In the first paragraph, tell the recipient why you are writing.
If appropriate, give the person you are writing to pertinent information to help them remember who you are. For example, if you are writing to a former professor, explain what class you were in and the year. In the case of writing to a former supervisor, remind the person when you worked with them. These details help readers place where they know you from.
Briefly explain what it is you want the reader to do. If there is a deadline involved, share that information as well.
Give the reader all the information they need to comply with your request.
Include any supporting documentation the recipient may need.
List your contact information, including full name, mailing address, phone number and e-mail address in the body of the letter. Ask the reader to contact you if they have any questions or concerns about your request.
Thank the person for their assistance.

Your Return Address

[Date]

Mr./Ms. J. Smith XYZ Company 123 Sesame Street Your Town, Your State Zip Code/Postal Code

Dear Mr./Ms. Smith:

Re: Request for an Interview

My name is [your name here] and I am writing to request an interview to discuss available positions in the [name of department] with your company. [If you were referred to the company by someone you know, be sure to include this information here. "James Ray, who is an employee in your Sales Department, suggested I contact you."]

I am a graduate of [name of educational institution you attended] and I have [x] years of experience in the field of [name of industry or field of study]. I am currently looking for new employment opportunities and I would like to have the opportunity to discuss how my skills and abilities can be of benefit to your company.

I will contact you by phone next week to set up a convenient time when I can discuss my qualifications. I will bring my resume with me at that time. If you have questions or would like more information, please feel free to contact me by phone at [area code and number here]. I can also be reached by e-mail at [your e-mail address here].

Thank you for taking the time to consider my request, and I will be in touch with you soon.

Sincerely,

[Your Name Here]















2.   LETTER OF COMPLAINT
65 Market Street
Val Haven, CT 95135
June 30, 2004
Customer Service
Cool Sports, LLC
8423 Green Terrace Road
Asterville, WA 65435
Dear Sir or Madam:
I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) from your website on June 21. I received the order on June 26. Unfortunately, when I opened it I saw that the cleats were used. The cleats had dirt all over it and there was a small tear in front of the part where the left toe would go. My order number is AF26168156.
To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my account for the amount charged for my cleats, I have already went out and bought a new pair of cleats at my local sporting goods store so sending another would result in me having two pairs of the same cleats.
Than you for taking the time to read this letter. I have been a satisfied customer of your company for many years and this is the first time I have encountered a problem. If you need to contact me, you can reach me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,
Signature
Ken Thomas






3.   LETTER OF EDITOR
Dear Editor:
A recent letter to this paper from an alcoholic beverage distributor[reference title and date of letter] is part of an ongoing PR campaign by Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest beer brewer, to deflect responsibility from its own role in this country's underage drinking problem.
The letter, similar versions of which have now appeared in newspapers across the country, promotes Anheuser-Busch's public education campaign aimed at adults, "Prevent, Don't Provide!" The letter cites a 2003 National Academy of Sciences Report finding that two-thirds of teens report getting alcohol from parents or other adults. What Anheuser-Busch and its distributors don't tell you is that the same report also called on alcohol companies to refrain from marketing practices that have substantial underage appeal and to take more care in placing ads to reduce youthful exposure. But, while Anheuser-Busch is encouraging adults to be more responsible, the maker of Budweiser and Bud Light exposed more than 25 million underage viewers to beer ads during the Super Bowl alone, and has used PG-13 films like Dodgeball and Saharato market its brands. Their Web site features an animated video of dancing lizards, which seem to have replaced the talking Budweiser frogs once popular with kids.
Underage drinking is a big problem and there is plenty of responsibility to go around. But before Anheuser-Busch tries to earn brownie points by telling other people to "do their part" we think Anheuser-Busch should clean up its own act. Just for a start Anheuser-Busch should stay out of PG-13 movies and cut all the animal acts.
Sincerely, 

[your name, address and phone number]











4.   COVER LETTER FOR RESUME
Jack Richardson,
Hiring Manager,
323 South Avon Drive,
Milton, NY 10945,
(914) 555-2909.



Dear Mr. Richardson,

In response to ad in newspaper, I am writing this letter to apply for the software engineer position. Please see enclosed resume.

I am B.E. (IT) from ABC University. I believe that my qualification and skills are best match for your requirements.

My enclosed resume will summarize my qualification, capabilities and career history. I would like to work with your firm. Please contact me at above telephone number or e-mail me on EdenTK@rediffmail.com.

Thank you for your consideration and time.

Sincerely,

(Signature)
Thomas K Eden.

Enclosure Resume

5.   TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTERS
LETTER OF INQUIRY

The Virtual Community Group, Inc.
17 Park Road
Rural Town, NH

July 1, 1995

Jane Smith, Executive Director
Xavier Foundation
555 S. Smith St.
Washington, D.C. 22222

Dear Ms. Smith,

I am writing to inquire whether the Xavier Foundation would invite a proposal from the Virtual Community Group, Inc., requesting an investment of $50,000 per year over two years to support our Enterprise 2000 initiative. This grant would provide part of the funds needed for us to train at least 1200 low-income entrepreneurs in rural New Hampshire in the computer skills they need to create sustainable businesses as we enter the twenty-first century. Your literature indicates that the Xavier Foundation is searching for innovative ideas to improve the lives of the rural poor; we believe Enterprise 2000 falls well within your area of interest.

Information technologies are a promising solution to one of the primary obstacles facing the small rural enterprise: the geographic distances which inhibit networking with other businesses, and which segregate them from a larger marketplace. The Internet and other networks are now making it possible for entrepreneurs even in the most remote locations to communicate and do business on a region-wide, national, or even international basis. Working in conjunction with other organizations, Enterprise 2000 gives program participants technical skills training adapted to individual need; and, in collaboration with organizations which recondition and redistribute used computers, we also assure that they obtain the necessary computer hardware, at low or no cost.

We believe that broadly-implemented technical skills programs such as Enterprise 2000 have the potential to transform the lives of many struggling entrepreneurs, and change the economic landscape of impoverished rural communities. Unlike many poverty alleviation initiatives, all of the Virtual Community Group programs are predicated on the assumption that these entrepreneurs already have 90% of what it takes to compete in the marketplace -- intelligence, ambition, initiative, and talent. After two years of experimentation and program development, the Virtual Community Group has fashioned a superb, easily replicable model in Enterprise 2000, and established a high degree of credibility among community groups, policy makers, and funders. With your support, we can make that 10% difference in the lives of these hard-working people and the future of our rural communities.

Please feel free to call me with any questions. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,

Executive Director

LETTER OF REPLY

NOVELTY SAFETY EQUIPMENT LTD
14th Floor Shun Koo Building
Aberdeen Hong Kong

8 Nov 2010

Attn: Mr Tim Lee
Manager
Sun Lee Consultancy Ltd
198 Fa Yuen Street
Mongkok
Kowloon

Dear Mr. Lee

Enquiry regarding fire extinguishers

Thank you for your enquiry regarding our newly released range of fire extinguishers.

You will see from the enclosed catalogue that the range has been extended to include some highly efficient portable extinguishers for use on construction sites.

We are offering to our existing customers a 15% discount on orders of extinguishers from this new range.

We look forward to your increased order at this discount rate.

Yours sincerely

Silvia Choi

Silvia Choi
Merchandising Manager

Enc. 1



LETTER OF ORDER

February 14, 19XX

Lindsay Office Products
P.O. Box 1879
Spokane, Washington  98989

Subject:  Furniture and equipment order

Please ship the following items from your sales catalog
dated January 31, 19XX:

ITEM                         CATALOG #        COLOR               QTY           PRICE

Conference Desk   HN-33080-WB     Sandalwood      2     $478.60 ea. Credenza          HN-36887-WK     Sandalwood      2        431.40 ea.
Executive Chair            HP-56563-SE      Toasted Tan      4      422.00 ea.
File Cabinet         HN-5344C-K       Beige                2              135.90 ea.
Letter Tray          K5-299907-A      Black                6              16.95 ea.

The items ordered above should be shipped C.O.D. to this address:

                CLAIMS DIVISION,  LAW DEPARTMENT
                        City of Austin
                         P.O. Box 96
                   Austin,  Texas 78767-0096

The costs above reflect a discount of 50/10, with net due in 30
days after the invoice date. The merchandised is to be shipped
by your company's own truck line at a rate of 7 percent of the
total net cost.

We are remodeling our offices and have a target completion date
of March 30, 19XX.  If there is any reason you see that you can
keep your part of this schedule, please let me know
immediately.

Sincerely,



Berenice Chamala
Supervisor, Clerical Services
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LETTER

CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION
Street Address
City, State, Zip
Phone Number and Fax
Date

Donor Name
Donor Address
Donor City, State, ZIP

Dear ____________________,
Thank you for your contribution of____________________________. (If contribution is property rather than cash, a detailed description appears below.)
Please keep this written acknowledgment of your donation for your tax records. Starting January 1, 1994, the IRS will no longer accept your canceled check as proof of any donation of $250 or more. Changes in tax law also require us to estimate the value of goods or services, if any, that have been rendered to you in return for your contribution, and to remind you that your contribution is deductible only to the extent that it exceeds what we have provided.
Thank you for your continuing support for our important work in this field!
  Very truly yours,


Name of LetterWriter

Description of donated property:
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
(It is the responsibility of the donor to determine the fair market value of the donated items.)
Estimate of the value of goods or services provided in return:
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
No goods or services were provided.
No estimate is provided because the payment was less than $75.
LETTER GIVING INSTRUCTIONS
Marcus White
White & Grey, Inc.
Hometown NY

Dear Mr. White  

I want to thank you first of all for meeting with my wife Jamie and myself this past week. We have thought about and discussed the information you have given us and have decided to proceed with the initial planning for Jamies father.

With this in mind, we are formally submitting instructions for the planning of his estate. We need to structure the estate so that he can take advantage of the maximum tax-free allowances for his grandchildren. We also need to structure his finances so that the minimal impact will be felt from estate taxes. This could possibly mean setting up a trust account where his main assets will be placed. He also wants to be able to make a substantial gift to start a college scholarship fund in the name of our mother Linda.

I look forward to hearing from you once you have started establishing the guidelines for the estate plan.

Sincerely
Jack Howard

LETTER OF CLAIM
How to write effective claim letters in minutes!
At the beginning of your letter, indicate that you are making a claim and specify the type of claim you are making (e.g., an insurance claim).

State the policy number, if applicable.

Describe the specific circumstances or details of the claim (for example, that a product is defective or the details of an accident). Give all relevant facts concerning the claim.

Indicate the dollar amount you are claiming or what action you would like the reader to take and the date by which you expect the action to be taken.

Refer to any documents you are including with your letter, including claim forms, repair estimates, warranty, or records or receipts. Ask if there is any other information or documents or forms you need to send.

If you are using some of the enclosed documents as evidence to substantiate your claim, specifically mention the content of the documents and illustrate how they support your claim.

Indicate by when you would like to receive a reply to your letter and include contact information that will allow the person to easily reach you.

You may want to thank the reader for his/her (anticipated) help before ending your letter.


Claim Letter Tips:
Remain courteous and respectful. Even if you feel you have been wronged, maintain a professional, though assertive, tone at all times.

Send your claim letter within the prescribed time period so that the claim will be valid.

If there are any necessary forms, etc., that you need to fill out or send, include them with your letter for faster approval.

Clearly state what it is that you hope to accomplish in sending your claim letter.


When denying a claim be sure to:
Open by stating your regret that the claim must be denied.

Include the policy number, if applicable.

Give the reasons why the claim was denied or rejected. Include any documents that provide evidence to support this action.

Include information about what the claimant must do or change to have the claim approved, if desired.

Include any important dates, such as the date by which an appeal or resubmission must be made, if applicable.

Include the contact information for the person to whom an appeal would be made, if appropriate.

Reiterate your regret that the claim must be denied and express your willingness to discuss the matter further or work to resolve the problem, if necessary.

Close by stating that you value the reader’s business or that you appreciate him/her as a customer.

LETTER OF ADJUSTMENT

Green Tree Freight Co., Inc.
Columbus, Ohio 45453
(315) 565-6789 
March 29, 19XX

Complete Table, Inc.
P.O. Box 3132
Austin, TX 78703

Subj.:  March 24 letter about damaged freight 

Dear Mrs. Hughes: 

I have just received your March 24 letter about the damaged shipment you received through Green Tree Freight and regret the inconvenience that it has caused you.

From your account of the problem, I am quite sure that your request for the $240 adjustment on the damage to the 2 crates of Valjean Cristal stemware will be granted. A certain amount of breakage of this sort does unavoidably
occur in cross-country shipping; I am sorry that it was your company that had to be the one to suffer the delay. 

I must remind you to keep the damaged crates in the same condition in which you received them until one of our representatives can inspect them. That inspection should take place within 2 weeks. 

If all is in order, as it sounds to be in your letter, you can expect the full reimbursement within 2 weeks after our representative's inspection. I hope this unfortunate accident will keep you from having merchandise shipped by
Green Tree Freight in the future.

Sincerely,



David F. Morgan, Customer Relations
Green Tree Freight Co., Inc.
Columbus, Ohio 45453

(315) 565-6789

LETTER OF SALES

Poser Investments, Inc.
150 N. Santa Anita Ave., Suite 300
Arcadia, CA 91006
626-445-3408
800-333-1526
FAX 626-445-2029

[date]
[broker]
[company]
[address]
[city/state/zip]

Dear [broker]:

We greatly appreciate your request for information on brokering business notes.

Poser Investments is actively seeking business brokers across the country who recognize what a tremendous opportunity there is in converting their clients' business notes into cash. Over two hundred thousand notes are created annually.

Our company truly stands alone in the field of purchasing seller-financed notes. Over the past fifteen years, we have built a reputation of honesty and integrity that is well known in business and financial circles.

What separates us from other companies is that we buy ONLY business notes - and we buy them with our own funds.

We are members of both the International Association of Business Brokers and the Business Opportunity Council of California. Not many companies in our profession can say that.

You are invited to join our nationwide network of brokers and start earning lucrative referral fees right away.

I will personally be handling all of your needs and answering your questions. Please call any time. I hope to hear from you soon.

Sincerely,

POSER INVESTMENTS, INC.
Janice Gaylord, Associate

LETTER OF APPLICATION

A letter of application, also known as a cover letter, is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience.
A letter of application typically provides detailed information on why are you are qualified for the job you are applying for. Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow-up.

When writing an application letter you should include:

First Paragraph: Why you are writing - mention the job you are applying for and where you found the listing.
Middle Paragraph(s): What you have to offer the employer - mention why your skills and experience are a good fit for the job.
Last Paragraph: Say thank you to the hiring manager for considering you and note how you will follow up.

Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Your Phone Number
Your Email
Contact Name
Title
Company Name
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Dear Contact Person:

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Specialist position listed on Monster.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of the non-profit sector and my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities included the development and management of the site's editorial voice and style, the editorial calendar, and the daily content programming and production of the web site. I worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to help them provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. In addition, I helped physicians learn to utilize their medical content to write user-friendly, readily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments at an organization. I have the ability to work within a team as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements, work with the development department to implement design and functional enhancements, and monitor site statistics and conduct search engine optimization.

Thank you for your consideration.

Signature

FirstName LastName

=======




LETTER OF ADVERTISEMENTS

oe Closer
887 Limley St.
Recusa, TN 33522

January 8th, 2006

Hott Leads, Sales Manager
ABC Enterprises
Century City, CA 44444

RECORD SETTING ADVERTISING SALES EXECUTIVE SEEKS NEW QUOTAS TO EXCEED

Mr. Leads,

Allow me to introduce myself in this cover letter. My name is Joe Closer and I am your next Advertising Manager. I can say that with confidence because I’ve done some research on your company, and learned that you are a Vice President with a reputation for knowing exactly what’s happening in your department at all times. As a result, I’m sure that you know what exactly what your department needs: A sales leader that can bring all the pieces of a sale together and produce results immediately.

I am exactly that sales leader. As Sales Manager of Acme Gadgets, I have had to opportunity to watch how sales are made and lost before the customer ever talks to the so called “sales” staff on the floor. In other words, how the company’s Advertising efforts can do 90% of the work to sell the client or repel them before the Sales team makes first contact.

I’ve also seen how vitally important that last 10% of the sales effort is and how a sales team that refuses to listen to the customer’s needs can lose the sale, even after the Advertising Managers have brought the prospect right to the very brink of commitment.

Additionally, in those five years, I’ve done more than watch. I’ve learned what I could about the sales process, in the classroom, in sales training, and through watching sales executives more experienced than myself at work.

Most importantly, I’ve put this knowledge into practice and systematically applied the teachings to evaluate their effectiveness. I have developed an Advertising Sales Managers protocol for Acme which has produced unparalleled results for the sales department. In every measure, from lead generation to final sales, the Advertising Sales Managers have broken company records for sales volume the last three years running.

Today, I am ready to take on new challenges. After performing a thorough survey of the market, I have settled on your company as being one which most closely matches my own philosophy of excellence. I look forward to the opportunity to tell you how I would bring my experience and enthusiasm to your company, and what results I would expect to accomplish in my first 30, 60, 90 and 180 days there.

Please contact me at the above number to set up a time that we can meet at your convenience.

Thank you,

Joe Closer